What types of knowledge regarding this problem cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology?

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To maximize the effectiveness of a planned campaign to raise community awareness of available services, a mental health provider has contracted a researcher to investigate how residents in an urban immigrant community seek mental health services. What types of useful knowledge could the researcher generate using qualitative methodology to investigate this problem? Explain. What types of knowledge regarding this problem cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology? Explain.

1. Ambersol Newson

methods play a prominent role in mental health services research. They are used to provide a thick description or depth of understanding to complement breadth of understanding afforded by other methods, conceptual theories, and hypotheses. These methods adhere to many of the same principles of scientific rigor as quantitative methods but often differ with respect to study design, data collection, and data analysis strategies. Qualitative methodology provides an important avenue for discovery and exploring casual explanation. Explanations based on qualitative methods are typically framed in terms of events, contexts and how these interact to shape a particular outcome (Maxwell,2021). Qualitative methods are found to be especially useful during initial stages of research because they enable investigators to acquire some understanding of issues, pilot data, or when there is too little previous research or absence of theory to allow for identification of hypothesis to be tested. It also acknowledges the importance of generalizability referred to the literature as the transferability of findings from one context or population to another. Knowledge from a participant observation cannot be credible and dependable generated using qualitative methodology. This approach takes a lot of time to gather factual data and it often leads to findings that lack generalizability.

Reference

Maxwell, J.A. (2021). Why qualitative methods are necessary for generalization. Qualitative Psychology, 8(1), 111-118. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/qup0000173

2, Amber Davenport

In order to maximize the effectiveness of a planned campaign to raise community awareness of available mental health services, providing useful knowledge would be important in order to investigate how residents in an urban immigrant community would seek mental health services. Using qualitative research that has used a narrative design could be helpful in locating a mental health provider. This approach gives descriptions and interpretations of individual stories about events (Greenberger et al., 2021, Narrative design, para. 1). Finding out details from individuals who have used the different mental health services, will help give an idea of the type of experiences that they will have. The type of knowledge regarding this problem that cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology is any information that may be presented numerically. In many instances, numerical data is easier to analyze, but it is not available for most qualitative designs. It is hard to see credibility in hearsay, not knowing who is speaking which also makes it hard to depend on those words. When people are looking for services, they want to look at reviews, hear from actual individuals and visit that places. When people from the community go to tour and visit these services, they want to know everything that the services provides and still hear testimonies from individuals who have used these companies. Being transparent will help the people from the community to trust the information that is brought to them.

Greenberger, S., Maul, J., Walker, N., & McClendon, C. (2021). Overview of Qualitative Designs. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundational Principles of Research Design (1st ed.). Grand Canyon University.

3. Sean Fitzpatrick

thoughts and past mental health experiences would be that respondents are asked whether they are aware of their mental health & types of diagnoses received. Researchers would gather information regarding available mental health facilities within the respondent’s community. To estimate the number of people with mental illness requires a questionnaire. There is a need for research to determine the frequency of physical examinations in these individuals with mental health problems. Researchers should ask respondents if they have experienced mental health tests prior. Mental health researchers need ethical, reliable, and valid research (Greenberger et al., 2021). Qualitative methods cannot produce objective measurements since researchers must use tools to determine the margin of error. The phenomenological design of a study allows for the analysis of participants’ subjective experiences through observations and interviews (Greenberger et al., 2021). Methods based on qualitative data are not suitable for statistical measurement because tools like SPSS need to be able to handle four scales: nominal, interval, ordinal, and ratio. Researchers must perform numerical analyses, which are not possible with open-ended questions to analyze data. Researchers need to rely on tools, such as algorithms based on data science and math, to find solutions.

Reference:

Greenberger, S., Maul, J., Walker, N., & McClendon, C. (2021). Overview of qualitative designs. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundational principles of research design. https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2021/gcu-doctoralresearch_foundational-principles-of-research-design _1e.php

4. Richard Hale

Optional discussion response:

What is the difference between a “survey” and a “questionnaire”?

Hint: (it has to do with the methodology)

Double hint: this also points out that specific terminology matters in research as specific words have specific connotations with a specific methodology.

Dr. Hale

more importantly if you agree with the authors conclusions in his article? It is interesting that qualitative studies sometimes seem to be framed in more of a less scientific light. While I understand the science behind objective and subjective data, it is important to note that there can be just as much value in studying subjective topics as objective.

References

Campbell, S. (2014). What is qualitative research? Clinical Laboratory Science, 27(1), 3.

Greenberger, S., Maul, J., Walker, N., & McClendon, C. (2021). Overview of qualitative designs. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundational principles of research design. https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2021/gcu-doctoralresearch_foundational-principles-of-research-design_1e.php

5. Keith Pavlik

One of the major differences between a quantitative and a qualitative study, is that qualitative study does not measure hard variables. Instead, in qualitative research aims to understand information through developing understanding, describing multiple realities, creating insight, and fostering empowerment of marginalized populations (Greenberger et al., 2021). Since the proposed study seeks to understand how the community goes about seeking a service, much of this information will not be able to be gathered as numerical or hard data.

Qualitative research studies are natural, in other words these studies explore real-life situations, and focus on research questions within a real-life setting, generally asking what, how, or why (Greenberger et al., 2021). This means any questions or studies that seek to collect hard data; such as how many mental health services do individuals within a given community use on average, and how do they compare to the surrounding areas, would not be well served with a qualitative study. In a case like the one presented, where the data is softer (seeking an understanding of how people approach a real-life process) qualitative analysis is more fitting.

Additionally, even if the data being sought was objective and quantitative, qualitative research samples can generally be smaller in comparison to quantitative studies (Greenberger et al., 2021). This may serve the purposed study better as the local community may not provide a large enough sample size or participants to get a widespread data sample.

References

6. Michelle Redaja

The research should inquire from the respondents whether they are aware of mental health condition. Again, the researcher should gather information regarding the availability of such services within the respondent’s resident area. The researcher should estimate the number of persons suffering from mental health condition by structuring a questionnaire in such a manner to capture this type of illness. Importantly, the research should obtain information on how often these persons with mental problem attend routine medical check up( Greenberger,2021). The researcher should ask the respondents whether they have come across similar mental health campaigns previously. If yes, did they take any action?

Objective measurement cannot be obtained using qualitative methodology since it requires the researcher to use a tool to measure allowable range in errors. Again, statistical measurements cannot be finalized using qualitative methodology as it requires a tool such as SPSS to come of with four scales, that is nominal, interval, ordinal and ratio. During data analysis, the researcher will need to numerically analyze the data, and it cannot be achieved by relying only on open end end questions(Ryan et al., 2007). As such, the researcher will be required to use data science and mathematics based tools such as algorithm to find solutions.

References :

Greenberger, S. (2021). GCU doctoral research: Foundational principles of research design. Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcumedia.com/webbooks/gcu-doctoral-research-foundational-principles-of-research-design

Ryan F, Coughlan M, & Cronin P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(12), 738–744. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.12968/bjon.2007.16.12.23726

Based on your quantitative analyses of employee contributions to the workplace, you have learned that several employees continue to be dissatisfied and may leave. Turnover is costly and disruptive, so your manager wants you to investigate how employee perceive their work environment and motivation to stay with the organization. What types of useful knowledge could the researcher generate by using qualitative methodology to investigate this problem? What types of knowledge regarding this problem cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology? Support your position.

7. Kevin Medley

will investigate these issues due to current employees who are dissatisfied in the workplace and the work environment can also be seen in looking at acknowledging biases in sampling and ongoing critical reflection of methods that will provide sufficient depth and relevance with a data collection and analysis of the issues and problems of the company. As a researcher and one that the manager feels that my approach into finding out the issues and problems of employees of the organization one must find the main problem dealing with everyday activities that a researcher can participate in and provide a study on the workers through qualitative research approach. The credibility is key of the researcher and the manager in having the confidence in the research that will be implemented. Credibility is key in establishing researched finding that will represent plausible information to all participants with original data and correct interpretations on the participants actions and views.

Qualitative approach can evolve and grow to a way that inclusion can be supported with active participants for a broader and more extensive research (Noyes, J., et. al, 2019). By implementing such strategies, the qualitative data collection will find its end point not a priori when the researcher determines that the documentation and data can be reached Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). In dealing with qualitative descriptive designs can used by a researcher when having an action plan and strategy exploring subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, or reflections when investigating an analysis to support your research. This will provide the researcher an account of information gathered on all in the organization whether individual and groups of individuals )Scott Greenberger, June Maul, Nancy Walker, and Cristie McClendon 2021). This will provide with descriptions of experiences with participants whether managerial or workers. This will provide valid support to the investigation and concrete evidence in support of the data.

Reference:

Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9–18.

Noyes, J., McLaughlin, L., Morgan, K., Roberts, A., Stephens, M., Bourne, J., Houlston, M., Houlston, J., Thomas, S., Rhys, R. G., et al. (2019). Designing a co-productive study to overcome known methodological challenges in organ donation research with bereaved family members. Health Expectations. 22(4):824–35

Scott Greenberger, June Maul, Nancy Walker, and Cristie McClendon Foundations of Quantitative and Qualitative Research. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundational Principles of Research Design (1st ed.). Grand Canyon University

8.Michelle Redaja

Replies to Kevin Medley

Managing for employee retention involves strategic actions to keep employees motivated and focused so they elect to remain employed and fully productive for the benefit of the organization. A comprehensive employee retention program can play a vital role in both attracting and retaining key employees, as well as in reducing turnover and its related costs. All of these contribute to an organization’s productivity and overall business performance. It is more efficient to retain a quality employee than to recruit, train and orient a replacement employee of the same quality(Guest et al., 2020).

Fairness and transparency are fundamental yet powerful concepts that can make a lasting impression on employees. According to SHRM’s Employee Job Satisfaction and Engagement: The Doors of Opportunity are Open research report, employees identified these five factors as the leading contributors to job satisfaction:

1. Respectful treatment of all employees at all levels.

2. Compensation/pay.

3. Trust between employees and senior management.

4. Job security.

5. Opportunities to use their skills and abilities at work.

Employee job satisfaction and engagement factors are key ingredients of employee retention programs. The importance of addressing these factors is obvious, but actually doing so takes time and these tasks are often left for another day. However, the payoff of focusing on employee retention—in terms of increased performance, productivity, employee morale and quality of work, plus a reduction in both turnover and employee-related problems is well worth the time and financial investment(Heale & Twycross, 2015).

The bottom line is that by managing for employee retention, organizations will retain talented and motivated employees who truly want to be a part of the company and who are focused on contributing to the organization’s overall success.

References:

Guest G, Namey E, Chen M (2020) A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076

Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-based nursing, 18(3), 66-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129

9. Kevin Medley

Michelle Redaja

Hello Michelle,

The strategies in providing an action plan in a study on those employees is so vital into trying to communicate with them in a way that they feel comfortable in providing positive feedback in keeping and understanding to those key employees of a company. The information that you provided is a way to keeping employee job satisfaction at the top of an organization obligations. I watch the SHRM commercial everyday but did not understand what and how the organization supports many organizations. I called their company just to get a better understanding on their vision and objectives in supporting other organizations. This was interesting in talking to someone who did not give me canned answers. The idea to consider in choosing a research design with this organization has two decisions that need to be made in choosing a design (Scott Greenberger et.al. 2021). The next option is to identify a design that will provide a decision that will be crucial in providing a formidable decision that will not decide your decision. Thank you for your discussion. Michelle, Kevin

Reference:

10. Keith Pavlik

Since qualitative studies does not measure hard variables, they seek to understand information through developing understanding, describing multiple realities, creating insight, and fostering empowerment of marginalized populations (Greenberger et al., 2021). In the purposed study, the researcher wants to understand personal motivations of a group of people. Since this data is not quantifiable in hard numbers or data, the study will have to gather a softer data set.

Qualitative research studies generally explore real-life situations and take into account individual experience. In a case like the one proposed where the goal is to gather how individuals feel in order to find ways to improve employee retention, the resulting data will be diverse and potentially unique to each individual. Using a qualitative study, the researchers could implement an exit interview and ask questions that allow broad answers, like: “List your reasons for leaving the company”, or “if you were king for a day, what things would you change about the company operations”. These questions are very open ended, and do not have quantifiable answers that can be consolidated and correlated. However, this is the type of information that is needed if the company wants to truly understand why they are experiencing a high rate of turnover.

It is this type of scenario that shows the importance of both quantitative and qualitative studies. Finding valuable results from data or information requires that the study be tailored to the specific needs. Objective or hard data can be analyzed though quantitative studies, while subjective data, like the information being sought here, needs qualitative analysis.

References

What types of knowledge regarding this problem cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology?

What types of knowledge regarding this problem cannot be credibly and dependably generated using qualitative methodology?

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